NEW DELHI, Nov. 8—India has increased her orders of arms from the Soviet Union in the last few weeks in the light of the current border confrontation with Pakistan, and has also asked that the delivery of earlier orders be speeded.
The Soviet Union has made new arms commitments to India—some deliveries have already been made—since Pakistan began a border troop buildup early last month. India quickly moved troops to her side of the border, creating a situation that has increased the possibility of another war, between the two countries.
‘Looking Into Inventories’
“Since the build‐up,” said one high Indian official, “we have been looking into our arms inventories and wherever we found deficiencies, we hare sought to remedy them quickly.”
Indian officials say that they have also been trying to “hustle” the delivery of weapons ordered earlier. The Indians say they are getting arms and spare parts from many Countries, but acknowledge that most are coming from the Russians, who have been India's biggest arms supplier for several years.
The financial terms on which India is getting the Soviet shipments could not be immediately learned. In the past she has been allowed to pay, in rupees rather than in dollars or other hard foreign currency, of which she is short.
India — whose military strength is considered superior to Pakistan's — has a large armaments industry of her own, producing small arms, ammunition, tanks, vehicles, and other equipment. The Russians have supplied heavier and more complex equipment such as MIG fighter planes, surface‐to‐air missiles and heavy tanks.
High officials acknowledge that a few Soviet transport planes carrying arms have arrived in India in the last week, and that some ships may be on the way.
But they deny that these shipments are in any way “massive” — as some news reports have characterized them. The officials also deny that the arms include any new missiles or planes or that Russian instructors have accompanied them, as has also been stated in news dispatches.
The new purchases and the delivery speed‐ups, the Indians say, were an outgrowth of the recent visits, of a Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister, Nikolei P. Firyubin, and the Soviet air chief, Marshal Pavel S. Kutakhov, both of whom discussed India's defense needs with officials here.
The Indians tend to play down their new arms consignments from the Soviet Union apparently for at least two reasons. One is to try to quash any impression that they are preparing to start a war. The other is to try to avoid irritating Western nations, particularly the United States, which they hope will put enough pressure on Pakistan's military government to persuade it to end its military crackdown in East Pakistan and grant autonomy, or preferably independence, to the Bengali population there, The Pakistani military campaign against the Bengali autonomy movement, which is estimated to have sent 9.5 million refugees fleeing into India, is what again raised tensions between India and Pakistan.
At a briefing for the press today in New Delhi, the Government spokesman said: “We have made limited procurements of arms and stores, to meet our deficiencies, from those countries which had originally supplied equipment. We have not, unlike Pakistan, tried to make any feverish purchases.”
According to independent reports from Washington and other capitals, Pakistan—whose munitions industry is negligible — has been buying arms lately from such countries as North Korea and Rumania, but the biggest consignments have come from China, Pakistan's main recent source of arms.
India's arms came originally from the British, the colonial rulers until independence in 1947. When the United States placed an embargo on all arms to India and Pakistan at the outbreak of their brief war in 1965, the Indians turned to the Russians.
Pakistan, a member of the Central Treaty Organization, was once dependent, on the Americans, who have supplied $2‐billion in military aid since 1954. With the 1965 embargo, the Pakistanis turned first to the Russians and then to the Chinese.
The American embargo was partly lifted a few years ago, and Washington continued to supply some arms to Pakistan. The latest shipments to Pakistan have angered India, and the Nixon Administration has just decided to stop them. The decision was conveyed to Prime Minister Indira Gandhi during her visit to Washington last week and was made official today.
The new Soviet arms commitments to India, a product of the India‐Soviet friendship treaty signed in August, are believed to be One of the reasons for the visit made to China over the weekend by a high‐level Pakistani delegation.