WASHINGTON, June 12-The United States appeased today to India and Pakistan to exercise restraint and urged the Pakistanis to restore normal conditions in East Pakistan through "peaceful political accommodation."

It was the first public statement by the United States on the situation in the subcontinent since the Pakistani Army last March 25 began quelling the East Pakistani movement for autonomy and later for independence. The statement reflected the increasing concern here that hostilities may erupt between India and Pakistan if the massive movement of East Pakistani refugees into India is not halted.

The latest figures available to the State Department indicated that more than five million refugees have crossed the borders into India. This represents more than 7 percent of East Pakistan's population. Refugees were reported still entering India at a rate of more than 100,000 a day.

CHOLERA VACCINE SENT

A cholera epidemic is spreading among the refugees, and the State Department announced today that three United States Air Force planes were delivering a million doses of anticholera vaccine to India. The planes are to participate in a refugee airlift.

The United States concern is that peace may be threatened by the pressures generated by the refugee problem in India and by Indian fears that the East Pakistani independence advocates may move toward the extreme left.

Officials here said India feared that such a move to the left might affect the political stability of her West Bengal State, and the American concern is that she may decide to intervene in the East Pakistani conflict.

A related concern is whether West Bengal can much longer withstand the economic and social tensions created by the refugees and the frictions between them and Indians in that state.

In a statement, the Assistant Secretary of State for Near East and South Asian Affairs Joseph J. Sisco, said "Because of the possibility that the situation in East Pakistan and Eastern India could escalate dangerously, we have counseled restraint on both sides."

"We have made clear our belief that normalcy can be restored in East Pakistan only within the context of a peaceful politic accommodation," Mr. Sisco said. He emphasized that such a political accommodation was essential to stem the flow of refugees permitting their return home.

Other United States officials said that this view had been privately communicated twice recently to the Pakistani Government "on the highest level" by the American Ambassador, Joseph S. Farland. It was also communicated by Mr. Sisco to the Pakistani Ambassador here, Agha Hilaly.

Today the State Department chose to publicize these diplomatic efforts. Another opportunity to try to stabilize the situation on the subcontinent will come next week when the Indian Foreign Minister, Swaran Singh, meets here with President Nixon and Secretary of State William P. Rogers.

In conversations with Pakistani officials, American diplomats have reportedly suggested that the peaceful political accommodation that Mr. Sisco called for would involve the acceptance by President Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan of the "six points of autonomy" proclaimed by the Awami League, the major East Pakistani political party, after its victory in elections for a National Assembly last December. The Assembly, in which the Awami League would have had a majority, never Convened.

Under the league's autonomy formula, the central Government would retain control only over defense and foreign affairs in East Pakistan. Officials here noted that on May 24 President Yahya expressed hope of returning power to elected leaders, but they indicated some doubts whether this would be feasible since the Awami League has been permanently banned.

Officials made it clear, however, that the United States did not plan to withhold economic development assistance from Pakistan to force the central Government into an accommodation with East Pakistan.

THREE TRANSPORTS LEAVE

The United States also announced today that the three C- 130 Air Force transport planes were leaving for India tonight from Pope Air Force Base in North Carolina to begin an airlift of refugees from the tiny border state of Tripura, on the eastern border of East Pakistan, to Assam to the north. The airlift is to include a fourth C-130 already in India.

Expected to take about a month, the airlift is to more some refugees to areas that are easier to reach with relief supplies.

In addition to the anticholera vaccine being carried by the three planes, the United States will also provide air transport for 300 tons of rehydration fluid used in treating cholera that are now being collected in Geneva by the World Health Organization, the State Department said. The United States Air Force is to fly in 10 Japanese ambulances for work among the refugees.

So far, the United States has provided $17.5-million in relief aid to the Pakistani refugees. of this total, $10-million is earmarked for food for 1,250,000 refugees in the next three to six months and the balance for medicine and other assistance.

Commenting on reports that the airlift may encounter hostility by the refugees, American officials said that it had been arranged at India's bequest. But they said the United States would not attempt to move refugees against their wishes.

Four Soviet AN-12 aircraft and Indian planes are to join the airlift. It is planned to move 50,000 people from Tripura to Assam, and the American aircraft, scheduled for two flights daily, can move between 800 and 1,000 refugees a day.

Meanwhile, a report received here through private channels from Dacca, the East Pakistani capital, described continuing unloading of Pakistani war materiel in East Pakistani ports.

The report on May 24 said that six ships at Narayanganj were unloading military vehicles and a seventh was unloading ammunition. Pakistan has to supply its 60,000 troops in the east by sea since India has banned overflights by Pakistani military planes. East Pakistan and West Pakistan are separated by 1,000 miles of Indian territory.

The report said that in the town of Barisal "for the last weeks they have been executing 10 to 20 people a day."

"The towns and roads have been secured," the report said, "and the army is now fanning out from the main centers into the villages on a virtual house-to-house hunt for Hindus ."

American officials here said that other reports indicated that Pakistani repression was continuing against East Pakistanis-especially against Hindus, who comprise 10 percent of the population. They privately expressed concern that this might lead to reprisals in India against Moslems.