Congressional Record

The Folly Of Military Aid To Pakistan

Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, when the conflict in East Pakistan broke out, I urged that the United States remain strictly neutral while insuring that humanitarian services were provided to those suffering from the ravages of war and the preceding cyclone.

Assurances were given by the Government that hte United States was not providing military aid to Pakistan because of the freeze that had existed even before the outbreak of the conflict on March 25. Now we see that our economic aid continues to favor one side against the other and that we have actually decided to send military assistance to the Pakistan Government.

The decision is incredible. We have not learned the lesson of Vietnam, if we insist on taking sides in another Asian covil war. We are mistaken to provide military aid to either side and to provide economic aid only to one side.

And the administration is once again misleading both the Congress and the American people, by first saying that it will not provide military assistance and then, when the initial expression of public interest has passed, agreeing to provide such aid. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that an editorial "Helping to Kill More Bengalis" from the Washington News of June 30, an article "Death in 'Golden Bangla Desh'" from the New York Times of May 20, and my own statement of April 9 be printed in the Record at this point. Ther being no objection the materiual was ordered to be printed in the Record as follows:

From the Washington Daily News, June 30, 1971 Helping to Kill More Bengalis
From the New York Times, May 20, 1971
Death in "Golden Bangla Desh" By Homer A. Jack

Statement of Senator McGovern

The utter wrongness of our Pakistan Policy

Hon. Frank Church of Idaho in the Senate of the United States Wednesday, July 7, 1971

Mr CHURCH. Mr.President, the 4-month-old civil war afflicting the people of East Pakistan worsens, and no relief is in sight to heal the deep and festering wounds. Committing monstrous acts of inhumanity, the West Pakistan military regime, with an Army of 70,000 men, equipped, armed, and trained for the most part by the United States, still occupies the eastern wing of this bifurcated Asian country. Reports of atrocities continue to come in.

In turn, the Bengali sufferers, 75 million Muslims and Hindus, making up the majority of the country who won the majority of seats in the new National Assembly last December, continue to resist. Latest dispatches from Dacca, for instance, tell of the freedom fighters knocking out the electrical power systems of the biggest cities, Dacca and Comilla.

During this tragic period, the utter wrongness of American policy has become blatantly apparent. The United States supports the Government at Islamabad, the very creators of the widespread suffering in their own country. We keep shipping arms, ammunition and spare parts and although the U.S. bureaucracy has advised against filling the arms export licenses still outstanding, the President has said to go ahead anyway.

Thus, the American Government gives tacit support to a regime at which even the British Conservative Government has openly expressed outrage. Sir Alec Douglas Home, the Foreign Secretary and a man noted for his high regard for the Pakistani Oligarchy in the past, has urged:

The creation of a framework in which civil government can be formed, that will give confidence to the refugees to return home.

Otherwise, he has warned:

The danger of war is very real and could convert what is already a tragedy into a catastrophe.

American editorialists have unanimously labeled the regime in the harshest words possible, the Washington Evening Star rightly saying:

The American people are not in a mood to finance experiments in genocide.

Others have said that the actions of the West Pakistanis are something like what Hitler did.

However, neither President Nixon nor Secretary of State Rogers have said one public word about the tragedy. The President has even reportedly sent "a very warm, kind personal letter" to the leader of the regime that has caused upward of 6 1/2 million of its citizens to flee and brought the possibility of war with India closer and closer. Why do we befriend such an Asian Minotaur?

We say in Vietnam that we are fighting for "self-determination" so that the people there can have the opportunity to choose their own government, yet in Pakistan we continue to give support to an authoritarian clique that conducts business by martial law and forcibly deprives its own citizens of the right to self determination, even after a free and fair election! A Bengali student recently asked what had his people done wrong to be treated to a 4-month campaign of violence; the answer is that an election was held and the Awami League won over 80% of the votes and 167 out of a possible 169 seats in the National Assembly, becoming the dominant political group in the country.

Our Government goes to great pains to warn us of a fearsome bloodbath that will befall the people of South Vietnam if the regime there is left to fight on alone, yet one of the worst manmade bloodbaths of our time is taking place in East Bengal, administered by the Pakistan Army. The martial law ruler General Tikka Khan, has been quoted recently as saying:

We will reduce you (the Bengalis) to a minority.

This supports the widespread conviction among the foreign community in Dacca that the huge exodus from refugees to India stems not from panic and false propaganda, as military spokesmen claim. Rather it stems from the fact that Pakistan army soldiers have shot and continue to shoot Muslim intellectuals and professionals plus much of the Hindu community as an expression of their fury at the outcome of last December's elections.

If the Nixon administration were really concerned about the principles of self-determination in Asia, the United States would do all it possibly could to end the gruesome tragedy in East Pakistan. At the very least, our policy would be one of total abstention.

However, the administration is so unconcerned about events in Pakistan, as well as of outrage in Congress, the press, and among private citizen groups, that the transfer of arms to the transgressors continues on a "business as usual" basis. I understand an estimated $35 million is still in the arms pipeline, and the President refuses to stop the flow.

The most embarrassing commentary is that while the United States takes no action to stop its intervention on the oligarchy's side in Pakistan, the Canadian Government stepped in, over the weekend, to try to do what it could to prevent further arms from being loaded aboard the Padma, one of the ships loaded in New York harbor with American arms, ammunition and spare parts.

The best Congress can do is to suspend all U.S. moneys for economic assistance and transfer of military goods, in all shapes and in all forms, to Pakistan until an international relief effort takes place throughout East Bengal and a majority of the refugees in India are repatriated.

To build further a record relating to the events in east Bengal, I ask unanimous consent that the following articles be printed in the Record:

Exhibit 1, editorial opinion as expressed in the leading newspapers and journals in the United States and United Kingdom.

Exhibit 2, articles dealing with U.S. policy toward the Pakistan civil war.

Exhibit 3, news dispatches from Pakistan and India of development there.

Exhibit 4, a thoughtful analysis of the present crisis by Selig Harrison longtime observer of the subcontinent.

There being no objections the exhibits were ordered to be printed in the Record as follows.

Exhibit 1 -- Editorial Opinion

From the Washington Evening Star, April 21, 1971 Aid For Pakistan

From the New York Times, May 24, 1971 Relief Is Not Enough

From the New York Times, June 2, 1971 Bengal Is The Spark

From the Washington Post, June 8, 1971 East Pakistan: A Wound Unhealed

From the Christian Science Monitor, June 18, 1971 The World Community Must Help

From the Washington Evening Star, June 21, 1971 Pakistan Problem Goes Deeper Than Poverty By William F. Buckley, Jr.

From the New York Times, June 23, 1971 Abetting Repression

From the Washington Post, June 23, 1971 When an Embargo is Not an Embargo

From the Baltimore Sun, June 28, 1971 Pakistan-Bound

From the Nation, June 28, 1971 The Arms Harvest

From the Baltimore Sun, June 30, 1971 Helping Pakistan

From the Baltimore Sun, June 30, 1971 Yahya Khan's Formula For Pakistan By John E. Woodruff

From the New York Times, June 30, 1971 Why Aid Pakistan

From the Washington Daily News, June 30, 1971 Helping to Kill More Bengalis

From the Christian Science Monitor, June 30, 1971 A Step towards Conciliation

From the Washington Evening Star, July 2, 1971 Aiding Pakistan

From the New York Times, July 3, 1971 U.S. Aid For Pakistan (letters)

From the Washinton Post, July 5, 1971 U.S. Arms for Pakistan: A Shameful Record

From the New York Times, July 5, 1971 South Asia: The Approach of Tragedy By Chester Bowles

From the Washington Evening Star, July 6, 1971 India's Trial

Exhibit 2 -- U.S. Foreign Policy Toward Pakistan and India

From the Wall Street Journal, May 20, 1971 Rancid Survival Biscuits make a Big Hit in Pakistan

From the New York Times, May 20, 1971 United States and Britain Said to Agree on Aid Program for Pakistan By Benjamin Welles

From the New York Times, May 20, 1971 Death in "Golden Bangla Desh" By Homer A. Jack

From the Christian Science Monitor, May 25, 1971 Standby loan?: Pakistanis Press United States for Aid By Lucia Mouat

Statement of Robert Dorfman Before the Subcommittee on Asian-Pacific Affairs, Foreign Affairs Committee, House of Representatives, May 25, 1971

From the Frontier, May 29, 1971 Letter From America: United States and East Bengal By Robi Chakravorti

From the Washington Post, May 30, 1971 "Warm" Letter to Pakistan?

From the Boston Sunday Globe, May 30, 1971 Kennedy issues Pakistan Warning By Matthew V. Storin

Pakistan Refugees Hit By Cholera

14 Pakistanis Die in Dust Storm

From the New York Times, May 30, 1971 Pakistanis' Ties with U.S. Souring; Diplomatic and Economic Relations Affected By Malcolm W. Browne

From the Baltimore Sun, June 3, 1971 United States Called Ready to Help India Move Refugees; Said to be Looking Into Airlift For Relief of Crowded Areas

From the New Republic, June 5, 1971 The United States and Bangla Desh Bailing Out Pakistan By Rehman Sobhan

From the Washington Post, June 7, 1971 United States, Britain Withdrawing Diplomats from E. Pakistan

Calcutta Fears Refugees' Cholera

From the Baltimore Sun, June 9, 1971 Two Senators ask Cut-Off In Aid To Pakistan By Adam Clymer

From Reuters, June 10, 1971 AID-Financed Boats Will Supply East Pakistan Cyclone Survivors

From the New York Times, June 10, 1971 Briton Urges East Pakistani Settlement By John M. Lee Special to the New York Times

Relief Program Planned

Unicef Issues Appeal

Refugee Flow Continues

From the New York Times, June 12, 1971 Refugee Airlift Causing Concern; U.S. Aides Fear Pakistanis Will meet Hostility By Sydney H. Schanberg

Aid to Be Distributed

From the New York Times, June 13, 1971 Indian Opposing Aid To Pakistan; Gandhian touring Capitals in Support of Bengalis By Joseph Lelyveld

From the New York Times, June 13, 1971 U.S. Urges Indians and Pakistanis To Use Restraint By Tad Szulc

From the New York Times, June 17, 1971 Attack in Dacca on Aid Officials Reported By Malcolm W. Browne

Text of the Speech at the National Press Club of Washington, D.C., by the Foreign Minister of India, Sardar Swaran Singh, and Questions and Answers June 17, 1971

From the Washington Post, June 18, 1971 Peace in Pakistan Called first Task By Marilyn Berger

From the New York Times, June 19, 1971 India Asks World Pressure on Pakistan By Tad Szulc

Arms to Pakistan Revealed

Mr. Church. Mr. President, in the New York Times this morning, there is a disturbing report that U.S. military equipment is being shipped to Pakistan in violation of the administration's officially proclaimed ban on such shipments.

I have seen the bills of lading and Air Force delivery listings covering these shipments, and I can personally affirm the accuracy of the Times article.

I have today called upon the President of the United States to direct appropriate U.S. agencies and officials to take prompt action to halt this shipment of military items which still remain within our reach by intercepting and removing them. The Pakistani ship Padma left New York harbor this afternoon and is due, I am informed, to dock in Montreal tomorrow. If the Coast Guard is unable to intercept the Padma in American waters, then we should solicit the help of the Canadian Government in recovering these forbidden shipments.

The seriousness of the disclosures by Mr. Tad Szulc of the New York Times cannot be overempahsized. These shipments of arms to the Government of Pakistan are in direct violationof U.S. policy, as declared and defined by the Nixon administration. In a letter to the chairman of the senate Foreign Relations Committee on April 23, 1971, the Department of state explicitly stated that --

we have been informed by the Department of Defense that no military items have been provided to the Government of Pakistan or its agents since the outbreak of fighting in East Pakistan on March 25 and nothing is now scheduled for such delivery.

Mr. Szulc's revelation contradicts the State Department's official statement of American policy, raising new questions about the credibility of this administration.

At this point Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the following documents be printed in the Record:

First. Mr. Szulc's article from the New York Times.

Second. A bill of lading from the National Shipping Corp. of Karachi, sent to the Embassy in Pakistan, dated April 8, 1971, covering shipment of military goods aboard the Pakistani ships Sunderbans which sailed from New York on May 8.

Third. A similar bill of lading from the National Shipping Corp. of Karachi, sent to the Embassy in Pakistan, dated April 8, 1971, covering shipment of an additional military items on the Sunderbans dated April 16.

Fourth. A copy of the deck receipt, from East-West Shipping Agencies, Inc., to the defense Procurement Division of the Embassy of Pakistan, dated May 21, listing military items received for shipment to Pakistan, apparently on the Padma.

Fifth. A copy of a letter I today sent to President Nixon, requesting that he take necessary steps to enforce his declared policy.

There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:

From the New York Times, June 22, 1971 U.S. Military Goods Sent to Pakistan Despite Ban By Ted Szulc

 
Bill of Lading




Forwarding agent--shipper's references:Ref Exp: 63942MVF Inter-Maritime Forwarding Co., Inc., 30 Church St., N.Y. Shipper: Embassy of Pakistan (Defense Procurement Div.), Washington, D.C. Consigned to order of: C/O Embarkation Headquarters, Karachi, Pakistan. Address arival notice to: Commandant Officer, Central MT Stores Depot Goira, C/O Embarkation Headquarters, Karachi, Pakistan Also Notify: None Vessel: S.S. Sunderbans (National Shipping Corp.) Pier: No. 36 East River. Port of loading: New York, N.Y. Mark and numbers: EXP:63942; BAC-1/19, BAF-1/8, BAD-1 Number of packages: 28. Description of packages and goods; Skids, parts and accessories for military vehicles (claw screw cam control) Gross Weight in pounds: 11,895 Dated at New York: 4/8/71



 
Bill of Lading




Forwarding agent--shipper's references:Ref Exp: 53950MVP Inter-Maritime Forwarding Co., Inc., 30 Church St., N.Y.

Shipper: Embassy of Pakistan (Defense Procurement Div.), Washington, D.C. 

Consigned to order of: C/O Embarkation Headquarters, Karachi, Pakistan. 

Address arival notice to: Commandant Officer, Central MT Stores Depot Goira, C/O Embarkation Headquarters, Karachi, Pakistan 

Also Notify: None 

Vessel: S.S. Sunderbans (National Shipping Corp.) 

Pier: No. 36 East River. 

Port of loading: New York, N.Y. 

Mark and numbers: EXP:53950; BAG-1/9, UNI-1/13, BAD-1 

Number of packages: 23. 

Description of packages and goods: Pieces(22 skids lctn.), parts and accessories for military vehicles (shaft, screw, mount knob). 

Gross Weight in pounds: 18,171 

Dated at New York: 4/16/71



East West Shipping Agencies, Inc.,                        

New York, N.Y.
 

Embassy of Pakistan, 

Washington D.C. 

Attention: Lt. Col. M. Akram Raja, Attache (D.P.) Defense Pres. Division 

Dear Sir: We are pleased to forward copies of Dock receipts together with a list covering that merchandise received for the past week, May 21, 1971. Trusting you find the above in order, we remain            

Very Truly Yours             

East West Shipping Agencies, Inc.

United States Senate Washington D.C., June 22, 1971

The President, The White House

Washington D.C.

Dear Mr. President: It has come to my attention that the Pakistan ship Padma, that left New York harbor this harbor this afternoon bound for montreal, is carrying a load of United States supplied arms, weapons, and related spare parts which is in violation. of our officially proclaimed policy banning all arms and weapons to the Government of Pakistan at this time.

I take the utmost objection at the failure of the United states to prevent these arms from being loaded on the Padma. Certainly we should be able to enforce the publicly declared policy of the government.

It is reported that the Padma will dock in Montreal before proceeding futher. If the Coast Guard is unable to intercept the ship in American waters, then I urge you to solicit the cooperation of the Canadian Government in recovering these forbidden shipments. I hope you will take prompt and necesary measures to see that American arms are removed from the Padma.

Very truly yours,

Frank Church

From the Baltimore Sun, June 23, 1971 U.S. Says Pakistan Cargo Does Not Violate Embargo

India Cites U.S. Pledge

From the Washington Star, June 23, 1971 Church Urges Nixon to Halt Pakistani Ship By Ted Szulc

From the Washington Post, June 23, 1971 Arms Sales to Pakistan Clarified

From the Washington Post, June 24, 1971 Pollicy Reviewed on Pakistan Arms

From the New York Times, June 24, 1971 India Asks U.S. to Clarify Report on Aid to Pakistan

Criticism by Symington

From the Baltimore Sun, June 25, 1971 U.S. Aide Fears India-Pakistan War Over Refugees By Adam Clymer

From the Baltimore Sun, June 25, 1971 India urges U.S. To Stop Arms Bound for Pakistan By Pran Sabharwal

From the New York Times, June 25, 1971 3rd Ship Said to Have Left U.S. With Arms Goods for Pakistan By Tap Szulc

From the Washington Star, June 25, 1971 Indians Blast U.S. On Pakistan Arms

From the Washington Post, June 26, 1971 11 Nations Decline Aid to Pakistan By Bernard D. Nossiter

From the Sunday Star, June 27, 1971 Interpretive Report--Is U.S.-India Policy British By Kuldip Nayar

From the New York Times, June 27, 1971 U.S. And Pakistan--When Ammunition is a Theological Question By Ted Szulc

From the New York Times, June 29, 1971 U.S. Says it Will Continue Aid to Pakistan Despite Cutoff Urged By Other Nations By Tad Szulc

From the Washington Post, June 29, 1971 Kennedy, U.S. Aide Clash on pakistan By Lewis M. Simons

From the Washington Post, June 30, 1971 More U.S. Weapons Will Go to Pakistan

From the Washington Post, July 1, 1971 Kissinger on Mission to Vietnam, Pakistan

From the Washington Post, July 1, 1971 Canada Blocks Shipment of Weapons for Pakistan

From the Sunday Star, July 4, 1971 Pakistan Seeks U.S. Bombers Despite Embargo

From the Washington Star, July 6, 1971 Agnew Speaks on Aid to India

From the Evening Star, July 6, 1971 Kissinger Greeted in India By Assault on U.S. Policy

From the Wall Street Journal, July 7, 1971

Exhibit 3--Events Relating to Pakistan Civil War

From the Far Eastern Economic Review, May 15, 1971 Maoists on the Move By Nayan Chanda

Islamabad's Blind Alley By a Correspondent

Aid Dilemma By Werner Adam

Feeling the Impact By A. Hariharan

From the New York Times, May 20, 1971 Chinese Presence in Pakistan Is More Noticeable By Malcolm W. Browne

From the New York Times, May 23, 1971 East Pakistan: Three Million Links in a Chain of Misery By Sydney H. Schanberg

From the Washington Sunday Star, May 23, 1971 Pakistani Rebels Seize River Boat, Condemn 17

From the New York Times, May 23, 1971 India Seeks Halt in Refugee Flow By Sydney H. Schanberg

From the New York Times, May 24, 1971 A Politial Solution for East Pakistan is Urged by Bhutto By Malcolm W. Browne

From the New York Times, May 25, 1971 Yahya Again Says Aim is Civil Rule By Malcolm W. Browne

From the New York Times, May 25, 1971 Martial Pakistani Chief--Agha Mohammed Yahya

From the Christian Science Monitor, May 25, 1971 Power Shift to Dacca Politicians By Denzen Peiris

From the Washington Post, May 25, 1971 Nobody Seeks War, Says Yahya Khan

From the Washington Post, May 25, 1971 India Raps Powers Over E. Pakistan

From the New York Times, May 25, 1971 Pakistani Strife Said to Continue By Sydney H. Schanberg

From the Christian Science Monitor, May 28, 1971 India Studies Armed Aid For East Pakistan By Denzil Peiris

From the Far Eastern Economic Review, May 29, 1971 India-Pakistan--Horror in Store By A. Hariharan

From the New York Times, May 30, 1971 Pakistan's Role Pondered at U.N. By Kathleen Teltsch

From the Washington Post, June 2, 1971 Rebel Bengali Leaders Meet With Indira Gandhi

From the Christian Science Monitor, June 3, 1971 Pakistan Refugees Flood India By Abu Ahraham

From the Times of London, June 4, 1971 Secret Catalogue of Guilt and Disaster Over East Pakistan By Peter Hazelhurst

From the Washington Post, June 4, 1971 Indians Adamant: Pakistan Refugees Must Return Home By Lee Lescaze

U.S. Will Assist Refugee Relocation

From the New York Times, June 5, 1971 Britons Rushing Cholera Shots to India By Anthony Lewis

From the Boston Globe, June 5, 1971 Malnutrition Adding to Cholera Toll

From the Evening Star, June 5, 1971 Pakistan, U.N. Agree on Relief for War Area

From the Washington Sunday Star, June 6, 1971 East Pakistan Today--"Normal" Is Much Quieter By Joseph Galloway

From the New York Times, June 8, 1971 Bid to Dissidents Hinted in Karachi--Effort to Form New Party Reported Under Way By Malcolm W. Browne

From the New York Times, June 8, 1971 Refugees and Cholera Increase in India

From the New York Times, June 8, 1971 500 and 100-Rupee Bills Withdrawn by Pakistan

From the New York Times, June 8, 1971 U.N. Aide in Pakistan

From the New York Times, June 8, 1971 F.A.O. Appeals for Aid

From the New York Times, June 9, 1971 Pakistanis Mob Banks to Turn in Recalled Currency

From the New York Times, June 9, 1971 Disease, Hunger and Death Stalk Refugees Along India's Border By Sydney H. Schanberg

From the Washington Post, June 9, 1971 Refugees Clash with Indians

From the Washington Post, June 9, 1971 Medical Supplies Flown to Calcutta

From the Washington Post, June 9, 1971 Pakistan Aid Cutoff Sought By Senators

From the Boston Globe, June 10, 1971 In Barasat, A Child Lies Dying on the Green By Dennis Neeld

From the Boston Globe, June 19, 1971 Calcutta Not Receiving Enough Cholera Vaccine

From the Le Monde, June 10, 1971 Bengal--Corpses in the Wake of a Crusading Army

From the Le Monde, June 10, 1971 Pakistan - Charity is No Answer

From the Washington Post, June 11, 1971 India Warns Cholera Could Be Spreading

From the New York Times, June 11, 1971 Pakistan Seeks Refugees Return--Appeal Includes Amnesty to Deserters and Politicians By Malcolm W. Browne

From the Washington Post, June 12, 1971 India Fears Refugees Sparking Renewed Hindu-Moslem Fight By Lee Lescaze

From the Washington Post, June 12, 1971 India to Receive Vaccine for 3 Million

From the Far Eastern Economic Review, June 12, 1971 West Bengal: Hope for None By Nayan Chanda

From the Far Eastern Economic Review, June 12, 1971 India-Pakistan--Pressure to Compromise

From the New York Times, June 13, 1971 India: A Tragic Horde Without Food or Shelter By Ian Ward

From the(London) Sunday Times, June 13, 1971 Genocide

From the (London) Sunday Times, June 13, 1971 Why the Refugees Fled By Anthony Mascarenhas

From the National Observer, June 14, 1971 Cholera In India: New Outbreak of an Ancient Disease

From the New York Times, June 16, 1971 Mrs. Gandhi Says Pakistan Solution Grows Remote

Indian Envoy Meets Thant

Recent Experience of the Bangla Desh Situation By a Bengali Medical Doctor

From the New York Times, June 17, 1971 Despair Rides a Bengali Refugee Train By Sidney H. Schanberg

From Le Monde, June 17, 1971 Backdrop to the Bengal Tragedy--Slow Decline of a Once Flourishing Land By Gilbert Etienne

From the Washington Post, June 17, 1971 E. Pakistani Refugee Flow Increases Again By Lee Lescaze

Indian Official Carries Plea for U.S. Help

From the New York Times, June 20, 1971 Pakistan Crisis Imperils Schools--Meager Outlay for Primary Education Faces New Cuts By Malcolm W. Browne

From the New York Times, June 20, 1971 Refugees: The Only Way to Describe It Is "Hell"

From the Boston Globe, June 21, 1971 Indian Defense Cheif Fears War. Pakistan Claims New Border Raids

From the Washington Post, June 21, 1971 East Pakistan Rebel Army Camps on Indian Border By Colin Smith

From the Christian Science Monitor, June 21, 1971 Refugee Trauma: Pakistanis in India Face Uncertain Future By Genry S. Hayward

From the National Observer, June 21, 1971 Controversy Hampers Relief Efforts: Refugee Flow Stirs Fear of India-Pakistan War By Richard Egan

From the Christian Science Monitor, June 22, 1971 An Often Invisible Pakistani Regime: Bangla Desh Pursues "Complete Independence" By Henry S. Hayward

From the Christian Science Monitor, June 23, 1971 Bangla Desh Freedom Fighters Lead Tour of Pakistan Border By Henry S. Hayward

From the Baltimore Sun, June 23, 1971 Fifty to Sixty Pakistan Soldiers said To Enter Hospital Daily

From the Baltimore Sun, June 24, 1971 Aid Experts Fear Famine in Pakistan; Million-Ton Shortage in Rice is Expected in War-Torn East

From the Washington Post, June 24, 1971 Dacca: East Pakistan's Sullen but Pacified Capital By Martin Woollacott

Indian Aide Unclear on Arms Shipment

New Relief Group Asked for Wrold

From the Christian Science Monitor, June 25, 1971 Fact and Fantasy Switch at East Pakistan Border By Genry S. Hayward

From the Washington Post, June 25, 1971 Grain Shortage Expected to Hit East Pakistan in Next Three Months By Martin Woollacott

From the New York Times, June 26, 1971 Fear Still Reigns in Dacca 3 Months After the Onslaught By Sydney H. Schanberg

From the Far Eastern Economic Review, June 26, 1971 India: Going Through Hell By A. Hariharan

United Nations: Cruel Restraint By Louis Halasz

From the Baltimore Sun, June 27, 1971 India Cautions Pakistani Army; Border Agreement for Buffer Zone Is Said To Be Violated By Pran Sabharwal

From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star, June 28, 1971 Pakistanis Raid Bengal Villages

From the Nation magazine, June 28, 1971 The Bloody Surgery of Pakistan By Aijaz Ahmad

From the New York Times, June 28, 1971 Austerity Budget Set In Pakistan By Malcolm W. Browne

From the Washington Post, June 29, 1971 Pakistani Civilian Rule in 4 Months, Yahya Says

From the Christian Science Monitor, June 30, 1971 Fearful Whispers on East Pakistani Streets By Henry S. Hayward

Pakistan Curbs Army Violence Following Outside Pressure By Henry S. Hayward

From the New York Times, June 30, 1971 East Pakistani Economy Badly Hurt As Most Transport is Crippled By Sidney H. Schanberg

From the New York Times July, 1, 1971 New Cholera Cases Strike Indian Area

From the Washington Post, July 2, 1971 India Plans Camps For Refugees

From the New York Times, July 4, 1971 Hindus Are Targes of Army Terror in an East Pakistani Town By Sydney H. Schanberg

From the New York Times, July 4,, 1971 East Pakistan: An "Alien Army" Imposes its Will By Sydney H. Schanberg

India Denies Charges

From the Washington Post, July 6, 1971 Mrs. Gandhi Asks End to Pressure

From the New York Times, July 7, 1971 Power in Dacca Reported Cut Off--Bengali Insurgents Said to Knock Out City's Plant By Sydney H. Schanberg

Exhibit 4 - Special Analysis

From the New Republic, June 19, 1971 The New Threat of an Indo-Pakistan Conflict--Nehru's Plan for Peace By Selig S. Harrison

A Shameful Record

Hon. Robert F. Drinan of Massachusetts in the House of Representatives, Thursday, July 8, 1971

Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Spaker, I attach herewith editorials which point out the shameful situation by which the United States continue to give American aid to Pakistan. The editorial from the New York Times as of June 30, 1971, states that:

This incredible policy defies understanding.

The editorial from the Washington Post is equally critical of the policy of the Nixon administration.

The situation outlined in these two editorials constitute another reminder of the abdication by the Congress of its power of oversight over the executive departments of the Government as well as its right and duty to participate in the formulation of the foreign policy of the United States.

The editorials follow:

 From the Washington Post, July 5, 1971" U.S. Arms for Pakistan: A Shameful Record



From the New York Times, June 30, 1971" Why Aid Pakistan?







East Pakistan Situation Worsens Each Day
 
Hon. Cornelius E. Gallagher of New Jersey in the House of Representatives Thursday, July 8, 1971








Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Speaker, during May, the Asian and Pacific Affairs Subcommittee of the Committee on Foreign Affairs held 2 days of hearings into the crisis in East Pakistan. Those hearings are now printed and available from the full committee office. In June I visited the refugee camps and saw very clearly the dimensions of the tragedy which had already occurred. The army of Pakistan's sweep through East Pakistan, brutalizing those who won the election and guaranteeing a lasting insurgency, continues to this day and utilizes American military equipment. In spite of formal statements by the Department of State, our military supplies continue to be shipped to the Government of Pakistan.



I have introduced House Resolution 9160 which calls for a total suspension of all American military, economic, and relief assistance to the government of Pakistan until the army ceases its brutal policies and refugees are allowed, as far as feasible, to return to their homes and reclaim their lands and properties. I am very pleased that the cosponsors of my amendment to the Foreign Assistance Act of 1971 are, as of this moment, Congressmen LEE HAMILTON, GILBERT GUDE, PARREN MITCHELL, SEYMOUR HALPERN, and BENJAMIN ROSENTHAL. I have reintroduced that amendment today.



In addition, I support the joint resolution of my colleague on the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Congressman BRADFORD MORSE, which would immediately stop military aid.



At the conclusion of my remarks in the RECORD I will insert a number of articles and expressions of opinion about the dangers in this situation which amount each day. I am especially delighted to allow the readers of the RECORD to share the views of the Honorable Chester Bowles. I had the pleasure of serving with Chester Bowles as a member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee and his subsequent experience in the diplomatic field give his opinions a special emphasis and importance. Mr. Bowles spells out a very frightening prognosis and concludes:



 If this is in fact correct the United States once again has committed an abysmal error in Asia one that historians may find even more difficult to condone or excuse than the debacle in Indochina.




Mr. Speaker, many people throughout the world were hopeful that the speech by Pakistani President Yahya Khan on June 28, would hold the key to a peaceful solution. I will include the text of that speech, as well as some highly critical comments made in Newsweek of July 12 and the Washington Star of July 7. I find it difficult to avoid agreeing with their conclusions. The New Yorker of July 3, contains an especially perceptive description of the tragedy.



My imaginative colleague on the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Congressman BENJAMIN ROSENTHAL, Chairman of the Committee on Europe, draws an analogy with Vietnamese policy debate in a letter to the President of June 30. Sydney H. Schanberg has recently been expelled from East Pakistan by the Government of Pakistan. The New York Times of July 4 carries two articles by Mr. Schanberg which, in my judgment, are accurate and which provide excellent evidence why Mr. Schanberg's presence does not suit the Army's pleasure. Several days after my first hearing, the Washington Daily News described another expulsion by Pakistan. This time a Bengali aid to the Embassy here in Washington was fired because he attended the hearing of my Asian and Pacific Affairs Subcommittee on May 11.



Mr. Speaker, the main hope of those of us who oppose the current policy of the administration is that Presidential Advisor Henry Kissinger would either be able to change the mind of President Yahya about the barbaric course in East Pakistan, or that he would recommend a formal change in our own policy. The necessity for this action was highlighted by the Washington Star on July 4 when it disclosed that Pakistan is seeking to purchase U.S. jet bombers.



Mr. Speaker, I insert the document referred to in the RECORD at this point and I would implore my colleagues to seriously consider supporting legislative alternatives to administration policy and to use their influence to deflect our Government from its tragically shortsighted course.



The articles follow: 

 From the New York Times, July 5, 1971 South Asia: The Approach of Tragedy By Chester Bowles



From the Pakistan Affairs, Special Issue, June 30, 1971 Full Text of President Yahya Khan's Address to the Nation on June 28, 1971



From the Washington Evening Star, July 7, 1971 India Prepares To Act on Refugee Issue By Kuldip Nayar



PAKISTAN-Protracted War



From the New Yorker, July 3, 1971 The Talk of the Town, Notes and Comment 




 				JUNE 30	1971. Hon. RICHARD M. NIXON



The President,



The White House



Washington, D.C.



DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: As you may know the Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs of the House Foreign Affairs Committee is now holding hearings on the many bills and resolutions relating to ending the War in Indochina through congressional initiative. The major argument against such proposals is that such a fund cut-off or establishing a date-certain would restrict Presidential flexibility.



However the recent Administration actions in regard to shipments of military equipment to the Government of Pakistan has caused me to wonder whether there really is any flexibility at all within the Executive Branch. In conversations with Members of the Foreign Affairs Committee Administration spokesmen conveyed the clear impression that all military shipments were stopped on March 25 1971 the date of the action by the Army of Pakistan in East Pakistan. Now it seems clear from press accounts that the Administration has no power to stop any shipments which were approved before March 25 but which have left American ports recently or will leave American ports in the near future.



I regard March 25, 1971 as a crucial date in American- Pakistan relations a date which must influence all subsequent events. It is my personal view that all American aid‹ military economic even food relief‹must be channelled through international agencies for I am convinced that any aid to the Government of Pakistan will be diverted to their subjugation of the forces inside East Pakistan which won the recent election. No matter what the Administration may feel about that view - spelled out in the Gallagher amendment (H.R. 9160) to the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 which I cosponsored‹it does seem to me that the Administration and I are agreed that military aid to the Government of Pakistan is inappropriate at this time. Yet we see ships being loaded today and we are informed that more ships will be loaded with military supplies for that Government in the near future.



I therefore call upon you to show that the Executive Branch has flexibility and to stop the shipment of this obviously lethal equipment to the Government of Pakistan.



I would deeply appreciate your prompt consideration of this request because continuation of such shipments increases the lack of respect for American credibility adds to the problems of the compassionate Indian Government and quite frankly makes it much less likely for any success to come from the efforts of the many people involved today in seeking justice and mercy in East Pakistan.



My kind regards.



Sincerely yours



BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL



Member of Congress. 

 From the New York Times, July 4, 1971 Hindus Are Targes of Army Terror in an East Pakistani Town By Sydney H. Schanberg



From the New York Times, July 4,, 1971 East Pakistan: An "Alien Army" Imposes its Will By Sydney H. Schanberg



From the Washington Daily News, May 18, 1971 Embassy Aide Fired Up Over Firing



From the Sunday Star, July 4, 1971 Pakistan Seeks U.S. Bombers Despite Embargo







H.R. 9160 A bill to amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to suspend all assistance to the Governemnt of Pakistan. 




Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That section 620 of chapter 2 of part III of the foreign Assistance Act of 1961, relating to prohibitions against furnishing assistance, is ammended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:



"(v)(1) All military, economic, or other assistance to the Government of Pakistan, all sales of military equipment, and all sales of agricultural commodities (whether for cash, credit, or by other means, under this or any other act, shall be suspended on the date of enactment of this subsection.



"(2) The President shall take measures as may be necessary to assure that no military equipment provided by the United States to any other country shall be transferred to the Government of Pakistan. If the President determines that any such transfer has been made after the date of enactment of this subsection, he shall suspend all assistance under this or any other act to the country making the transfer and shall suspend all sales of military equipment under the foreign military sales act to such country.



"(3)The provisions of this subsection shall cease to aply whne the President reports to the Congress that international inspection teams have ascertained that the Government of Pakistan is cooperating fully in allowing the situation in East Pakistan to return to reasonable stability and that refugees from East Pakistan in India have been allowed, to the extent feasible, to return to their homes and to reclaim their lands and properties."