DACCA, PAKISTAN. - Pakistan's Government has been under pressure from foreign powers to curb a campaign of violence by its Army in this eastern wing of the country.

It also has been under pressure to terminate martial law and restore civilian government.

There is evidence the central government in Islamabad is at last responding to both pressures.

NO ORDERS ISSUED?

Deliberate violence on the part of West Pakistani military units against selected East Pakistani civilians has subsided during recent weeks. This has been verified by many well-documented reports from missionaries and foreign officials with firsthand knowledge of conditions in both cities and rural areas.

Military-government spokesmen flatly deny there ever was such activity, saying there was no general order approving or recommending violence. But there was no known restraining order either.

Dacca residents, whenever they are certain they cannot be overheard by police or informants will quickly tell visitors that atrocities still are continuing in outlying villages today. They usually claim to have been there for their own safety recently - or to have family there.

PRESSURES DRAW CRITICISM

Among pressures being exerted on President Yahya Khan by outside powers are possible withholding of foreign aid and the reduction of financial support.

Existence of these threats was indirectly confirmed by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, leader of the Pakistan People's Party. on June 23 Mr. Bhutto condemned what he called the "aid to Pakistan" consortium for exerting such pressures on Pakistan He termed it dangerous, disturbing, and "very insulting" to the nation. But he also pointed out that unless representative government were restored to the country, such "external pressures" were likely to increase.

WHAT SPARKED EXODUS?

The conviction is widespread among the foreign community here that the huge exodus of East Pakistan refugees to India stemmed not from panic and false propaganda, as military spokesmen claim. Rather it stemmed from substantial evidence that Pakistan Army soldiers were shooting Hindus as an expression of their fury at the outcome of elections last December and evidence of taunting by students and independence advocates during the subsequent three months.

The Army first cracked down on Dacca then fanned out into the countryside. Much of the rural area now has been pacified but some districts such as the southeast of Comilla and the northwestern region still are troublesome.

ACTIONS DEFENDED

Many here accept as fact a claim that the Army burned and looted villages, forcing Hindus out.

The unofficial Army explanation, it is asserted, was that Hindus were troublemakers who supported Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's banned Awami League. Also they were accused of being pro-India and dupes of false Indian propaganda.

Army officers reportedly felt the ejection of Hindus would help cleanse and purify the country. They disregarded the fact that Hindus of East Pakistan have lived peacefully with Muslims over many years.

Not all violence was on the Army's part, however, it is conceded. Such non-Bengali Muslims as Biharis also attacked and massacred Bengalis. Biharis don't like Hindus.

WIDESPREAD KILLING

Nor were Bengalis themselves completely innocent of communal strife and atrocities. In Chittagong and Mymensingh they literally slaughtered Biharis after March 25.

They ran amok in Chittagong, which they held for one week.

This provided a justification for the Army to move in strongly to halt a slaughter - but only at the expense of killing more Bengalis.

SABOTAGE REPORTED

President Yahya faces the problem that Sheikh Mujib still has no rival for power in East Pakistan. And three months after the eruption of March 25 and the consequent military clampdown, there still is resistance border fighting, sabotage, and internal clashes in East Pakistan.

Passive resistance also continues as evidenced by the fact that industrial activity is about 20 percent of normal with workers still staying away from their jobs due to fear, night, or dissatisfaction. Some have received freedom-fighter warnings not to return to work.

FLIGHT TO VILLAGES

Outside of Dacca, which has an estimated half of its former population, most cities can muster only about 40 percent of their usual population. The other 60 percent have Fed to relative safety of small villages in the hinterland until they become satisfied that the threat of danger is past.

On the other hand, in central Dacca large burned or damaged shop areas have been leveled, and rebuilding is under way. New shops are springing up, and small business activity is resuming on a modest scale.